By Bergotte Mark Twain understood that civilisation is a confidence trick. Not a failed experiment or a work in progress or a fragile achievement requiring defence, but a sustained, organised, multigenerational deception in which human beings persuade themselves and each other that the cruelties they practise are either necessary, natural, or invisible. His comedy —Continue reading “The Human Condition According to Mark Twain”
Tag Archives: The Human Condition
The Human Condition According to Henry James
By Bergotte Henry James believed that consciousness was the most important thing in the world. Not action, not achievement, not the accumulation of experience in the traveller’s sense — the places visited, the people met, the events survived — but the quality of attention brought to experience, the precision and depth with which a mindContinue reading “The Human Condition According to Henry James”
The Human Condition According to Edith Wharton
By Bergotte Edith Wharton understood that society is not the backdrop to human life but its substance — that the codes, rituals, and unspoken laws through which a community organises itself are not superficial constraints on some deeper, freer self but the very medium in which selfhood is formed, expressed, and destroyed. This is aContinue reading “The Human Condition According to Edith Wharton”
The Human Condition According to Turgenev
By Bergotte Ivan Turgenev is the poet of the moment that has already passed. His novels and stories are pervaded by a melancholy so precise and so gracefully carried that it takes time to recognise it as a philosophical position rather than a temperamental one. But it is a position: the claim that the humanContinue reading “The Human Condition According to Turgenev”
The Human Condition According to Gogol
By Bergotte There is a moment in Nikolai Gogol’s story The Nose when a government official named Kovalyov discovers that his nose has left his face, dressed itself in a uniform of higher rank than his own, and is travelling around St Petersburg attending church services and paying social calls. Kovalyov’s attempts to recover hisContinue reading “The Human Condition According to Gogol”
The Human Condition According to Pushkin
By Bergotte To understand Russian literature is, in the end, to understand Pushkin — which is to say that it cannot be fully done from the outside. Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin is the writer whom every Russian author who followed him claimed as a father, a standard, and an impossibility: the source from which a wholeContinue reading “The Human Condition According to Pushkin”
The Human Condition According to Tolstoy
By Bergotte Leo Tolstoy is the writer who makes other great writers feel provincial. Not because his books are the longest, though two of them are among the longest ever written, and not because his range is the widest, though it extends from the ballrooms of Moscow to the battlefields of Austerlitz to the peasantContinue reading “The Human Condition According to Tolstoy”
The Human Condition According to Chekhov
By Bergotte After Homer’s wars, Ovid’s metamorphoses, Dante’s cosmology, Shakespeare’s kingdoms, and Dostoevsky’s metaphysical detonations, Anton Chekhov arrives with a doctor’s bag and a short story about a man who cannot sleep. The reduction in scale is not a diminishment. It is an argument. What Chekhov understood — and what makes him the most quietlyContinue reading “The Human Condition According to Chekhov”
The Human Condition According to Dostoevsky
By Bergotte The series has been moving, in its way, toward this. Homer gave us mortality without consolation. Ovid gave us transformation without stability. Dante gave us love as the architecture of the universe. Shakespeare gave us the self as performance, unmoored from any fixed ground. What Dostoevsky gives us is the consequence of allContinue reading “The Human Condition According to Dostoevsky”
The Human Condition According to Shakespeare
By Bergotte The series has moved, so far, through poets who held clear philosophical positions: Homer’s unflinching mortality, Ovid’s philosophy of change, Dante’s architecture of love. William Shakespeare holds no clear philosophical position. He holds all of them. He is the writer who most completely refused the consolation of a settled view, who gave theContinue reading “The Human Condition According to Shakespeare”
